E-2 Employee
VS
E-3
Type
Nonimmigrant visa
Nonimmigrant visa
Description
Treaty Investors
Specialty Occupation Professionals from Australia
Profiles that typically qualify
Executives, Managers, Essential employees
Accountants, Computer analysts, Graphic designers, Pharmacists, Physical therapists, Engineers, Teachers, Lawyers, Environmental scientists
Requirements
You and at least 50% of the business owners must be nationals of the same treaty country.
The business must be profitable and ideally create at least one U.S. job within the first five years.
Your role must be executive, managerial, or otherwise essential for the business’ successful operation, and not easily filled by recruitment within the U.S.
You must be a citizen of Australia.
You must hold a 4-year bachelor's degree or equivalent work experience (three years of professional experience for each missing year of formal education).
The job must be a specialty occupation, requiring specialized knowledge typically obtained through a bachelor's degree or higher. This includes roles in fields like engineering, mathematics, and technology, where the complexity of the tasks necessitates advanced education.
The employer must pay at least the prevailing wage for the position — a rate set by the U.S. Department of Labor based on the occupation, work location, and level of experience. This wage is not flexible and must be met at a minimum.
Pros
Renewable indefinitely, enabling long-term business opportunities in the U.S.
Typically has a lower eligibility bar for executives, managers, and essential employees compared to L-1 visa applications for similar positions.
Unlike the L-1 visa, it does not require the existence of an affiliate entity in the country of origin.
Can be used for new hires, as it does not require 1+ year of prior employment within the same corporate group.
Easy renewal process with the option to extend stay.
Far less competitive than the H-1B visa, as it does not require an annual lottery.
Requires minimal applicant qualifications beyond a college degree or professional experience.
Cons
Requires a substantial upfront investment, with funds at risk (there’s no hard minimum, but typically more than USD $100,000).
Some consulates have long wait times for E-2 application interviews.
Requires committing investment funds before receiving approval.
Renewal for essential employees may be challenging.
Requires employer sponsorship and a job offer in a specialty occupation.
Sponsorship
Required
Required
Validity period
5 years1
2 years
Renewable
Indefinitely, in 5-year increments2
Indefinitely, 2-year increments
Without premium processing
2-4 months
2-3 months
With premium processing
15 business days3
No
Can spouse work
Yes
Yes
Disclaimers
1, 2Shorter for some nationalities.
3Available only for change of status, not for consular processing
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Type
E-2 Employee
Nonimmigrant visa
E-3
Nonimmigrant visa
Description
E-2 Employee
Treaty Investors
E-3
Specialty Occupation Professionals from Australia
Profiles that typically qualify
E-2 Employee
Executives, Managers, Essential employees
E-3
Accountants, Computer analysts, Graphic designers, Pharmacists, Physical therapists, Engineers, Teachers, Lawyers, Environmental scientists
Requirements
E-2 Employee
You and at least 50% of the business owners must be nationals of the same treaty country.
The business must be profitable and ideally create at least one U.S. job within the first five years.
Your role must be executive, managerial, or otherwise essential for the business’ successful operation, and not easily filled by recruitment within the U.S.
E-3
You must be a citizen of Australia.
You must hold a 4-year bachelor's degree or equivalent work experience (three years of professional experience for each missing year of formal education).
The job must be a specialty occupation, requiring specialized knowledge typically obtained through a bachelor's degree or higher. This includes roles in fields like engineering, mathematics, and technology, where the complexity of the tasks necessitates advanced education.
The employer must pay at least the prevailing wage for the position — a rate set by the U.S. Department of Labor based on the occupation, work location, and level of experience. This wage is not flexible and must be met at a minimum.
Pros
E-2 Employee
Renewable indefinitely, enabling long-term business opportunities in the U.S.
Typically has a lower eligibility bar for executives, managers, and essential employees compared to L-1 visa applications for similar positions.
Unlike the L-1 visa, it does not require the existence of an affiliate entity in the country of origin.
Can be used for new hires, as it does not require 1+ year of prior employment within the same corporate group.
E-3
Easy renewal process with the option to extend stay.
Far less competitive than the H-1B visa, as it does not require an annual lottery.
Requires minimal applicant qualifications beyond a college degree or professional experience.
Cons
E-2 Employee
Requires a substantial upfront investment, with funds at risk (there’s no hard minimum, but typically more than USD $100,000).
Some consulates have long wait times for E-2 application interviews.
Requires committing investment funds before receiving approval.
Renewal for essential employees may be challenging.
E-3
Requires employer sponsorship and a job offer in a specialty occupation.
Sponsorship
E-2 Employee
Required
E-3
Required
Validity period
E-2 Employee
5 years1
E-3
2 years
Renewable
E-2 Employee
Indefinitely, in 5-year increments2
E-3
Indefinitely, 2-year increments
Without premium processing
E-2 Employee
2-4 months
E-3
2-3 months
With premium processing
E-2 Employee
15 business days3
E-3
No
Can spouse work
E-2 Employee
Yes
E-3
Yes
Disclaimers
E-2 Employee
1, 2Shorter for some nationalities.
3Available only for change of status, not for consular processing
E-3
-